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Docteur  FICHERE
Cabinet FICHERE - Point Médical
Rond point de la Nation
21000 DIJON
Tél : 03 80 71 50 33 / Fax : 03 80 71 68 94
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The Operations
| History
I Presentation I
The Operations : |
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 Presentation
General knowledge on arterial and venous circulation.
 The principle of circulation
 From the cardiac pump, blood is distributed by the heart to the whole body and lungs through the arterial network.
Oxygen and nutrients are exchanged at the tissue level (lungs, muscles, intestin, liver, kidneys) through fine and microscopic vessels called capillaries.
Blood then returns to the heart through the veins. The limbs' venous system includes valves that keep the blood from circulating backwards, thus maintaining one single circulation direction towards the heart.
Arteries
They are important vessels with thick muscle walls.
Arteries may be damaged due to various well-known factors, such as tobacco, diabetes, high blood pressure and high cholesterol level.
These various problems have violent effects leading to the emergence of cells and cellular debris that eventually constitute a « plaque ».
Depending on their development level, such plaques may lead to the narrowing of an artery and thus to a reduction in blood flow, which leads in turn to pain when muscular effort is made (intermittent limping effects).
Sometimes, blood flow is too slow, which leads to clotting (thrombosis) and complete vessel blockage. Depending on the vessel's importance, this blockage may either not be noticed or lead to major muscle pain (heart attack or gangrene).
The Veins
Veins are thin-walled vessels carrying blood from the periphery to the heart.
In the lower limbs, veins have a valve system allowing blood to circulate only towards the heart.
Microcirculation
A system called « microcirculation » exists between the arterial and venous networks. It is made up of arterioles, capillaries and veinlets.
Capillaries have very thin walls and are the location where gas and nutrients are exchanged between tissues.
The capillary bed surface is enormous. Only a small part is open at any given time.
Blood flow is controlled by very small muscles within the arterioles, which thus direct blood flow.
The flow may be increased to meet the demands of muscular efforts or a high need for nutrients.
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